福建地方家兔肉质特性的比较研究

对福建黄兔、黑毛福建兔的肉质常规营养成分、氨基酸和铁进行测定,并与新西兰白兔进行比较分析,结果表明：黑毛福建兔肌肉总氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸和铁含量比福建黄兔分别高1．61％、1．04％、0．65％和2．41％,粗脂肪低1．68％,差异均显著（P〈0．05）,与新西兰白兔相比,分别高1．58%、0．96％、0．47％和3．15％,粗脂肪低1．92％,差异均显著（P〈0．05）,显示黑毛福建兔的肉质营养和风味好于福建黄兔和新西兰白兔。福建黄兔的甘氨酸和谷氨酸含量显著高出新西兰白兔0．19％和0．16％（P〈0．05）,说明其风味比新西兰白兔好。     

广西金花茶炭疽病的病原鉴定及其寄主抗性评价

于2003年首次在广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区发现金花茶炭疽病,并从病叶上分离出金花茶炭疽菌;根据致病性测定和病原菌株形态观察结果,将其鉴定为Colletotdchum camelliae Mass．,由该菌引起的金花茶炭疽病在广西属首次报道。为了寻找炭疽病的抗源,通过测定13种金花茶和3种山茶对金花茶炭疽病菌的抗性,结果表明：防城金花茶（C.chrysantha var．phaeopubisperma S．Y．Liang et Z．H．Tang）、东兴金花茶（C.tunghinensis Chang）、多瓣金花茶（C．multietala S．Y．Liang et C．Z．Deng）、小花金花茶（Cmicrantha S．Y．Liang et C．Y．Zhong）、顶生平果金花茶（C.pingguoensis vat．teminalis（Liang et su）S．Y．Liang）5个种或变种表现抗病反应;博白大果油茶（CamelliagigantocarpaHuetT．C．Huang）、红山茶（Camellia japonica Linn）的红露珍品种、金花茶（Camellia chrysantha（Hu）Tuyama）以及显脉金花茶（Camellia euphlebia Merr．ex Scaly）对Colletotrichum camelliae表现为免疫反应,这些抗性材料将为金花茶的种质改良提供优质抗源。     

日粮非植酸磷和基因工程酵母菌植酸酶水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长和胫骨发育的影响

 【目的】研究确定22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡非植酸磷（NPP）的需要量及毕赤酵母基因工程菌植酸酶（PHY A）的磷当量值。【方法】选用22日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 320只,随机分为11个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复30只鸡。处理1为基础日粮（NPP水平为0.08%）,不添加磷酸氢钙和植酸酶;处理2～7在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平化学纯磷酸氢钙,日粮NPP水平分别为0.16%、0.24%、0.32%、0.40%、0.48%、0.56%;处理8～11在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 U•kg-1PHY A、400 U•kg-1美国进口植酸酶产品（PHY B）。【结果】肉鸡日增重随日粮NPP水平升高而增加,0.32%～0.56%组平均日增重显著高于对照组和0.16%组（P＜0.05）,0.48%组日增重最大;添加磷组肉鸡采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;0.40%组料重比最低,显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;随日粮NPP水平升高肉鸡胫骨脱脂干骨重、干骨中磷含量和灰分中磷含量均显著升高,0.48%组达到最高,显著高于对照组、0.16%和0.24%组（P＜0.05）,添加磷组干骨中钙含量与灰分含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。添加400、600 U•kg-1 PHY A和400 U•kg-1 PHY B显著提高了日增重、采食量和胫骨脱脂干骨重（P＜0.05）,添加2种植酸酶均显著提高了胫骨干骨中钙、磷含量与灰分中磷含量（P＜0.05）,添加600 U•kg-1 PHY A显著提高了干骨中灰分含量（P＜0.05）。【结论】22～42日龄满足黄羽肉鸡最佳生长和骨骼发育的NPP需要量为0.40%,PHY A的磷当量为685 U•kg-1。     

红曲黄色素浓缩液喷雾干燥的工艺优化

[目的]优化红曲黄色素浓缩液的喷雾干燥工艺。[方法]利用喷雾干燥机进行单因素干燥试验,进而筛选出适宜的助干剂及其添加量和热风量、进口温度、进料流量的适宜范围。[结果]单因素试验表明,最佳助干剂为麦芽糊精,其适宜添加量为10％;当热风量为1．00、1．10和1．20m3／min时,产率分别为20．50％、24．82％和18．64％;当进口温度为90、100、110和120oC时,产率分别为21．34％、26．62％、24．50％和20．08％;当进料流量为0．02、0．04和0．06cm3／min时,产率分别为22．58％、24．68％和18．26％。在实际操作过程中,红曲黄色素喷雾干燥工艺的最佳条件是：添加10％麦芽糊精,进口温度为100℃,热风量为1．10m3／min,进料流量为0．04cm3／min。【结论]该试验为喷雾干燥工艺在红曲黄色素干燥中的应用提供了依据。     

几种药剂对小麦黄矮病的防治效果

为明确病毒抑制剂对小麦黄矮病的预防和防治效果,在小麦起身期将大麦黄矮病毒GAV株系接种于小麦陕恳9740上,喷施杀虫剂(2.5%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2000倍液)与病毒抑制剂(20%病毒A可湿性粉剂500倍液、3.95%病毒必克可湿性粉剂500倍液、5%菌毒清水剂500倍液和2%菌克毒克水剂300倍液)的不同组合,于小麦开花期统计发病率、病情指数和小麦叶片黄化率,结果表明,各组合均能早期预防和防治小麦黄矮病发生和发展,且预防效果优于防治效果,其中病毒必克与吡虫啉组合的平均预防和防治效果最显著,分别为58.08%和53.03%.进一步利用病毒必克在室内进行防治性试验,发现病毒必克能够抑制GAV对叶绿素的破坏,可减轻大麦黄矮病毒对小麦的危害.     

黄色粘虫板对番石榴园螺旋粉虱的诱捕试验

应用黄板诱集番石榴园中螺旋粉虱的成虫。结果表明：黄板以垂直悬挂在树冠中层外缘的南面诱集效果最佳,而黄板悬挂的高度以黄板的上端与树冠底部平行为最佳。     

Identification of rhizomania-infected soil in Europe able to overcome <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rz1</Emphasis> resistance in sugar beet and comparison with other resistance-breaking soils from different geographic origins

Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is vectored by Polymyxa betae. The disease can only be controlled by growing partially resistant sugar beets, which quantitatively reduce virus replication and spread. None of the known major resistance genes (Rz1, Rz2, Rz3), alone or in combination, are able to prevent BNYVV infection entirely. Here we report for the first time the identification of a Spanish soil, containing an A-type BNYVV with RNA 1-4, displaying Rz1 resistance-breaking abilities comparable to soils from the USA and to those from France containing the French (Pithiviers) P-type BNYVV with RNA 5. A resistance test with several soil samples vs. different sugar beet cultivars was conducted under standardised conditions. Sugar beets were analysed after 12 weeks of greenhouse cultivation for taproot weight, BNYVV and relative P. betae content. The soil samples from Spain, France and the USA produced high virus contents and strong rhizomania symptoms in Rz1 plants, indicative of resistance-breaking abilities. In addition, all resistance-breaking soil samples produced detectable virus concentrations in plant lateral roots of the Rz1 + Rz2 cultivar, and plants grown in the Spanish soil sample also had reduced taproot weight and displayed severe rhizomania disease symptoms. Additionally, the main pathogenicity factor P25, responsible for the formation of BNYVV symptoms, showed high sequence variability in the amino acid tetrad at position 67–70. The results suggest the geographically independent selection of BNYVV resistance-breaking isolates following the uniform cultivation of Rz1-containing sugar beet cultivars.     

A selective barrier in the midgut epithelial cell membrane of the nonvector whitefly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trialeurodes vaporariorum</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</Emphasis> uptake

We studied the presence of a potential transmission barrier that blocks Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the nonvector greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Because T. vaporariorum can ingest and retain the virus after acquisition feeding on an infected plant, comparable to the vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci, circumstance evidence suggested that a transmission barrier presents at location(s) where the virus moves from the digestive tract lumen to the hemolymph. To provide direct evidence for the site of a transmission barrier in the nonvector insect, we compared the accumulation levels and localization of the virus between the two species of whiteflies. Quantitative real-time and conventional PCR analysis showed that accumulation of the virus during acquisition feeding and retention after a short acquisition period were indistinguishable between the two species, but the circulation of the virus within the whiteflies differed significantly between the species. In an immunofluorescence analysis using an antibody specific to the coat protein of the virus, the virus was restricted to the luminal surface of the midgut epithelial cells and did not enter their cytoplasm or that of the salivary glands in T. vaporariorum. In contrast, the virus was localized within the cytoplasm of the midgut epithelial cells and in the paired salivary glands of B. tabaci adults. This direct evidence shows that a selective transmission barrier at the luminal membrane surface of midgut epithelial cells in the nonvector whitefly blocks entrance of the virus into the midgut epithelial cells, resulting in incompetence as a vector of the virus.     

基于色差信息多色彩模型的黄羽鸡快速分割方法

快速准确分割出复杂背景下的鸡只图像,是应用机器视觉系统快速识别实际饲养环境下病鸡的关键步骤。以某鸡舍散养的黄羽肉鸡为分割目标,提出了一种基于色差信息的多色彩模型鸡只分割方法。首先对200幅自然环境下拍摄的图像在常用的色彩模型下,分析了鸡冠、鸡身羽毛、鸡肚羽毛以及背景的颜色特征,利用背景在RGB色彩模型的R、G、B三分量色差信息特征进行一次分割,去除大部分的背景,然后转换到HSV色彩模型,获取黄羽鸡不同部位的H分量阈值,再由H阈值范围提取鸡身、鸡冠实现二次分割,最终得到分割目标。实验结果表明所提方法实际分割正确率为86.3%,优于L*a*b*色彩模型聚类的78.4%。所提方法复杂度小,运算时间短,适用于实时分割场合。     

长期施肥对黄壤养分及不同形态无机磷的影响

以贵州黄壤长期定位试验为平台,研究不同施肥对黄壤区土壤养分及无机磷组分的影响。结果表明,长期施用化肥(NPK)、有机肥(M)及有机无机配施(NPKM)均可提高土壤表层有机质和速效养分的质量分数,尤其以M处理土壤含有机质、碱解氮及速效钾量变化最为显著,而NPKM处理土壤含速效磷的量最高。长期施肥均能增加黄壤中无机磷组分的累积,以NPKM处理效果最为显著,施肥主要增加了O-P、Al-P、Fe-P的量。不同形态的无机磷量表现为O-PFe-P、Al-PCa_(10)-PCa_2-PCa_8-P,其中Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P与速效磷显著正相关,相关系数在0.681**以上,通过回归方程分析,表明土壤无机磷库中Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Fe-P对黄壤速效磷的量的贡献最大。因此,从长远来看,有机无机配施可以提高黄壤养分及无机磷活性组分的量,维持并提高土壤供磷能力,更有利于黄壤区农业的可持续发展。